"Version: 20160701"--Title page verso."A Morgan & Claypool publication as part of IOP Concise Physics"--Title page verso.Includes bibliographical references.Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Perspectives -- 1.2. X-rays, structure, and dynamics -- 1.3. Outline2. Properties of radiation -- 2.1. Intensity -- 2.2. Flux -- 2.3. Emittance and Liouville's theorem -- 2.4. Brilliance -- 2.5. Polarizati…