"Version: 20241101"--Title page verso.Includes bibliographical references.1. Introduction -- 1.1. Vortices in nature -- 1.2. Historical review of optical vortices -- 1.3. Orbital angular momentum of vortex beams2. Generation of optical vortex beams -- 2.1. Typical vortex beams -- 2.2. Methods for vortex generation3. Measuring OAM of vortex beams -- 3.1. Interference or diffraction method -- 3.2…