"Version: 20201201"--Title page verso.Includes bibliographical references.1. Introduction -- 2. Beam modulation -- 2.1. Forward planning -- 2.2. Paradigm shift -- 2.3. Simulated annealing3. Definitions and terminology -- 3.1. Pixel -- 3.2. Voxel -- 3.3. Bixel (beamlet) -- 3.4. Intensity level -- 3.5. Segment -- 3.6. Concept of dose painting4. IMRT devices -- 4.1. Intensity modulation filter/com…