"Version: 20181201"--Title page verso.Includes bibliographical references.1. Introduction -- 1.1. Scope of the book and topic selection -- 1.2. Structure of the book2. Examples of applications -- 2.1. Fluorescence microscopy -- 2.2. Medical imaging (tomography) -- 2.3. Astronomy3. Mathematical modeling -- 3.1. Imaging system and forward problem -- 3.2. Ill-posedness of the backward (inverse) pr…