"Version: 20210205"--Title page verso.Includes bibliographical references.1. Topology and physics : a historical overview -- 1.1. Introduction : searching for holes in fields of light -- 1.2. Topology and physics2. Electromagnetism and optics -- 2.1. Electromagnetic fields -- 2.2. Electromagnetic potentials and gauge invariance -- 2.3. Linear and nonlinear optical materials -- 2.4. Polarization…