Electromagnetics in magnetic resonance imaging :physical principles, related applications, and ongoing developments /

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"Version: 20160301"--Title page verso."A Morgan & Claypool publication as part of IOP Concise Physics"--Title page verso.Includes bibliographical references.Preface -- 1. Fundamentals of MRI--fields and basic pulse sequences -- 1.1. Proportionality of net nuclear magnetization to static magnetic field strength, B0 -- 1.2. Classical description of nuclear precession -- 1.3. Manipulating M in a static B0 field with an RF (B1) pulse -- 1.4. Free induction decay -- 1.5. Slice-selective excitation -- 1.6. Encoding spatial information into the net magnetization -- 1.7. Introduction to k-space for simple image acquisition and reconstruction -- 1.8. Imaging slices with arbitrary orientations and 3D volumes -- 1.9. Basic image contrast: proton density, T1, and T2 weighted spin echo images2. Fundamentals of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) -- 2.1. Signal strength as a function of static and RF magnetic fields -- 2.2. Noise and intrinsic SNR -- 2.3. Quantitative calculation of SNR from electromagnetic fields -- 2.4. Effects of image sequence parameters on SNR -- 2.5. Array reception3. Fields and hardware for MRI -- 3.1. Static magnetic (B0) fields -- 3.2. Switched gradient magnetic fields -- 3.3. RF magnetic (B1) fields4. Tissue/field interactions, MRI safety, and field-related image artifacts -- 4.1. Interactions between fields in MRI and biological tissue -- 4.2. Interactions between fields in MRI and ferromagnetic and conductive materials -- 4.3. Safety and biological effects of static, switched, and RF magnetic fields in MRI -- 4.4. Some field-related image artifacts in MRI and basic methods for their reduction5. MRI-based measurement of field distributions and tissue heating -- 5.1. Mapping the static magnetic field distribution -- 5.2. Mapping RF magnetic fields -- 5.3. Mapping RF-induced heating6. Recent and ongoing developments -- 6.1. Parallel imaging -- 6.2. Transmit coil arrays -- 6.3. Gradient field monitoring -- 6.4. High-permittivity materials and meta-materials for manipulating RF fields in MRI -- 6.5. MR fingerprinting -- 6.6. Measurement of tissue electromagnetic properties -- 7. Conclusion.In the past few decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an indispensable tool in modern medicine, with MRI systems now available at every major hospital in the developed world. But for all its utility and prevalence, it is much less commonly understood and less readily explained than other common medical imaging techniques. Unlike optical, ultrasonic, x-ray (including CT), and nuclear medicine-based imaging, MRI does not rely primarily on simple transmission and/or reflection of energy, and the highest achievable resolution in MRI is orders of magnitude smaller that the smallest wavelength involved. In this book, MRI will be explained with emphasis on the magnetic fields required, their generation, their concomitant electric fields, the various interactions of all these fields with the subject being imaged, and the implications of these interactions to image quality and patient safety. Classical electromagnetics will be used to describe aspects from the fundamental phenomenon of nuclear precession through signal detection and MRI safety. Simple explanations and Illustrations combined with pertinent equations are designed to help the reader rapidly gain a fundamental understanding and an appreciation of this technology as it is used today, as well as ongoing advances that will increase its value in the future. Numerous references are included to facilitate further study with an emphasis on areas most directly related to electromagnetics.Medical imaging researchers, engineers and scientists.Also available in print.Mode of access: World Wide Web.System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.Christopher Collins is a Professor in the Department of Radiology at the New York University School of Medicine. His research interest lies in the engineering and safety of electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging.Title from PDF title page (viewed on April 1, 2016).

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Publisher

: .,

Collation

1 online resource (various pagings) :illustrations (some color).

Language

English

ISBN/ISSN

9781681740836

Classification

616.07/548

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-

Edition

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Subject(s)

Magnetic resonance imaging.
Electromagnetic theory.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR/MRI).

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Statement of Responsibility

Christopher M. Collins.

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